MN5F65FB Level 4 Indigenous Australians and Justice: An Introduction

Task

Background

Australia always experienced a mixture of culture and citizens which is different from that what exists in the present times. The Aboriginal and Torres culture has revised as it now exists in an entirely distinct manner. The manner in which people are living in Australia is greatly affected by European colonisation as it brought rapid changes to the society. Before 1788 the only people who existed in Australia were the Aboriginal and Torres Islands (Jamieson and et al, 2012). People in that community used a variety of languages in order to interact with one another. Their cultures, feelings, actions and traditions which they follow vary from one another and therefore act as a base of differentiating among them. The population of Australia before 1788 was approximately 750000 and they used a range of languages to communicate. Changes were experienced when people were sent out from the long-standing lands which further affected the population of Australia. Earlier there were no horses and carriages till the time Europe people arrived there. Apart from these no external travellers also visited the refereed country from any part of the world till the ingenious people existed there (Jorm et al, 2012). Those who were part of Australia used to respect the environment to a great extent and ensure that no harm was made to the ecosystem and worked towards protecting them. For same control over the hunting practices was kept and animals were killed only to that quantity which was minimum required to feed the people. This way they make the food available if demanded next time by someone else. Hunting practice was so common and both men and women used to have their own areas to hunt. Males used to take giant animals and females on the other hand prefer hunting tiny animals and indulging in fruit collecting activities. Seasonal variation was very common at that time and in order to cope with the same people used to move here and there which further helped in maintaining the fragile environment. It has the advantage of securing particular areas from overhunting so that the availability of food can be ensured for next time also (Kowal, 2011). Division of the total land area was done keeping the geographical method as a base. The knowledge regarding the same was provided by the old people to the next generation using personal communication as there were no other sources available such as books or televisions like today. The situation has changed completely as though people used to live throughout Australia in 1788 but now it has been replaced with cities, coast and rural areas (Clifford, Doran and Tsey, 2013). In earlier times the indigenous people didn't even specify or own a particular land as they did not take the help of fencing, boundaries etc. to differentiate their land from others. They keep on moving from one place to another which is now different. Now people have their own residence and are recognised by the name of their residential address. After 1788 Europeans found out that it was important to bring change in this system and hence worked towards replacing the same.

Historical policies and their impact

Indigenous people are those who are known to be the first people or native persons and are considered the original inhabitants of a given region. They are usually described as indigenous when they basically maintain their tradition or the other cultures which are associated with the region.

There are a few things which should know about the indigenous people and some of those things are as:

• Indigenous people are those who speak overwhelming majority of the world's around 7000 languages (Kendall et al, 2011).
• The Indigenous group is considered the most disadvantaged and included in the vulnerable group of people in this world.
• They are among the leaders in protecting the environment in a better manner.

Even though various policies and procedure are being made for the indigenous people and thus it is related to protection and assimilation (Hill et al, 2012). 

Protection: According to research the Aboriginal population is reducing and thus effective regulation of labour in some of the pastoral areas with changes in policy as well. However, according to a report from 1837, they recommended that powerful missionaries should be there for the aboriginal people, protectors for their defence and special laws with codes required to protect them in a proper manner. It was not until the later century which more formal and informal policies of protection for the indigenous people were formulated. Moreover, for those people who are full-blood aborigines, there was some de facto tolerance and allowed them to their continuous traditional way of life in a better way thus their mission is also sometimes entrusted with their running reserves, and also looking for population with their unsympathetic and also having very much hostile in their traditional ways too. Hence. Some of the systematic efforts are there which include the boarding houses as part aboriginal children away from their parents to educate them in effective way. Even though the policy of protection which was reinforced with the legislative restriction and control was comprehensive too.

Assimilation: Moreover the difficulties continued and thus, treatment to the Aboriginals which is especially in central and somewhere the northern Australia, led in around 1936 to demand and thus having states and by voluntary with aboriginal affairs. Afterwards, the policy comes out that the state and commonwealth officers are there who are normally responsible for Aboriginal affairs (HealthInfoNet, 2014). They decided that objectives should be absorption with least and having” the natives with aboriginal origin but not all the people of full-blood. In terms of assimilation it has aspect with the policy and having protection to which is concerned with “future” aborigines in settled in areas.

Ideological Processes

The national rejoicing and excitement showed on January 26 each year celebrating the 1788 colonial invasion of Australia. The Aboriginal life expectancy was comparatively low as they kept it 20 years less than the Australians and further, the difference was changed between 1997 to 2001. apart from this, there was a great difference in the unemployment rate of those who belong to the Aboriginal and actual Australians. It was found that it is more of the non-aboriginals people of Australia (Board, 2012).

Cultural competency for professional

Cultural competency is that who is having the ability to identify and challenge the own cultural assumptions, with values and beliefs. It is such it develops empathy and also leads to appreciating that almost there are various kinds of ways to view the world although it is being influenced by culture as well (Marmot, 2011). Indigenous people are said to be the first people whose competency is different from the other people. Hence, it is also related to social justice, human rights and having a process for reconciliation with valuing and supporting.

Recommendations

After going through the above document this has been suggested that more emphasis should be given to the implementation of policies which are made towards the ingenious society instead of making new ones. This will help in developing a better society in Australia.

Conclusion

From the above report, it has been summarized that indigenous people are going through various problems and issues due to discrimination faced by them at societal place. Along with this, the main motive of the report is to show the justice which is taken by governing bodies for this society in order to make them feel more comfortable and perfect. However, as per the above information, it is identified that discrimination is taking place which affects the development of society and disturbs the whole community from harmful effects. Mainly, it shows the issues encountered by this member while living in a society.

References

• Marmot, M., 2011. Social determinants and the health of Indigenous Australians. Med J Aust. 194(10). pp. 512-3.
• HealthInfoNet, A. I., 2014. Overview of Australian Indigenous health status. Perth: Edith Cowan University.
• Hill, R and et al, 2012. A typology of indigenous engagement in Australian environmental management: implications for knowledge integration and social-ecological system sustainability. Ecology and society. 17(1).
• Clifford, A. C., Doran, C. M. and Tsey, K., 2013. A systematic review of suicide prevention interventions targeting indigenous peoples in Australia, United States, Canada and New Zealand. BMC Public Health. 13(1). p. 463.
• Jorm, A. F and et al, 2012. Mental health of Indigenous Australians: a review of findings from community surveys. Medical Journal of Australia. 196(2). p. 118.
• Jamieson, L. M and et al, 2012. Ten principles are relevant to health research among Indigenous Australian populations. Medical Journal of Australia. 197(1). pp. 16-18.
• Nakata, M and et al, 2012. Decolonial goals and pedagogies for Indigenous studies. Decolonization: Indigeneity, Education & Society. 1(1).
• Kowal, E., 2011. The stigma of white privilege: Australian anti-racists and Indigenous improvement. Cultural Studies. 25(3). pp. 313-333.
• Kendall, E and et al, 2011. Beyond the rhetoric of participatory research in indigenous communities: Advances in Australia over the last decade. Qualitative Health Research. 21(12). pp. 1719-1728.
• Board, A. S. I., 2012. Social inclusion in Australia: How Australia is faring. Department of the Prime Minister and Cabinet.

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